DECIDUOUS TREES. 95 
ple, Weeping, Cut-leaved, etc. ; these are to be found in the 
larger nurseries. They are propagated either by layer- 
ing, or grafting or budding on the common variety. In 
grafting, it is better to use a portion of the two-year-old 
wood for the cion than to have it all of one-year-old. The 
nuts of the common Beech ripen in the fall, and should 
be treated the same as the Chestnut. 
Fraxinvs. (Ash) 
There are several native species of the Ash, which, like 
the Hickories, are all worthy of cultivation. The wood 
is extensively used for all the different agricultural imple- 
ments. Our reapers and mowers, plows, harrows, hoe and 
rake handles are, in great part, made of Ash. European 
farmers prize American-manufactured agricultural imple- 
ments more than they do home-made of the same patterns, 
simply because we use better timber 
than they possess, and that timber is 
chiefly White Ash. | 
The Ash has what is termed a pin- © 
nate leaf, that is, divided into several 
small leaflets on a petiole. There is 
a great variety of pinnate leaves; the 
Locust is a well-known example of this 
form. Fig. 32 shows a leaf-stalk of the 
Locust with seventeen leaflets; in some 
kinds the number of leaflets is even, 
as we have shown, in others odd. In 
the leaves of the Ash there is always Fig. 22. 
an odd number of leaflets, because there is a terminal one, 
