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SMALL DECIDUOUS TREES. 141 
The M. arsa—White Mulberry of Europe—has also 
become naturalized, and found from New England to 
Mlinois. 
M. nigra—Black Mulberry, or English Mulberry—is 
sometimes cultivated, but is not so hardy as the native. 
Mulberry seeds grow very readily if washed from 
fruit, sowed in fall, or put aside until spring; but 
they should not be covered too deep, as they are quite 
small. There are many varieties in cultivation: the one 
known as Downing’s Mulberry is probably the best; it 
is propagated by budding or grafting it upon the Mo- 
retti Mulberry, or upon some other free-growing stock. 
Some kinds grow readily from cuttings of the ripe wood 
_ taken off in the fall; but others, like the Downing, are 
very difficult to propagate in this manner. 
Mactura AURANTIACA. (Osage Orange.) 
This is a well-known hedge-plant, a native of Texas and 
other sections of the Southwest. The seeds are usually 
obtained from those sections, and if fresh, there is no diff- 
culty in making them grow when planted in spring; but 
it is always best to mix them with moist sand and put 
them in a warm place until they begin to sprout before 
sowing. If the seeds are good, they will start in a few 
days ; if not, they will become soft and rotten. By try- 
ing the seeds in this way, much labor will often be saved, as 
it is labor lost to sow unsound seeds. The Osage Orange 
seeds will keep sound for a year or two if placed under 
proper conditions ; but this is often neglected, and much 
worthless seed is sold; and having had some experience 
