162 THE FOREST TREE CULTURIST. 
JUNIPERUS. (Juniper) 
Well-known trees and shrubs, very common in most of 
the Eastern States where there are dry, sterile soils, They 
are all quite variable in appearance in the different sections 
in which they grow; the most beautiful forms are seen 
along the banks of the North River, where they grow 
among the rocks of the Palisades. 
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS (Common Juniper).—Leaves in 
threes, awl-shaped, prickly pointed, bright green, becom. 
ing dull rusty brown in winter; berries dark purple; 
usually low-spreading shrubs. 
Juniwerus Virerntana (Red Cedar).—Leaves much 
crowded, spreading, awl-shaped, prickly ; trees of various 
shapes, sometimes long, pointed, conical, others low 
spreading ; berries small, covered with a blue bloom; 
should be sown in autumn, or mixed with muck or leaf 
mold and placed in the open ground until they begin to 
germinate, which they will seldom do until the second 
spring after being gathered. The Red Cedar wood is well 
known as one of the most durable, as well as one of the 
slowest in growth. A short time since I cut a tree that 
was only three inches in diameter, but its annular rings 
showed that it was fifty-seven years old. In rich soils they 
will grow more rapidly. 
There is a dwarf variety of Juniper (J. humilis) which 
is a low-spreading shrub, found along the North River 
and northward, and probably in many other sections of 
the country. | 
Some of the foreign species are more ornamental than 
our native species. The more common of these are the 
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