frost in winter. In making cuttings, 
EVERGREEN :REES. 171 
leayes very small and compressed, resembling small scales ; 
cones small, not more than half an inch long; scales thin, 
paper-like, light yellowish ; seeds small, winged all round ; 
ripe in fall, and may be kept until spring before sowing. 
Fig. 50 shows two cones of natural 
size and one of the seeds. It also grows 
readily from cuttings planted in frames 
early in autumn and protected from 
it is best to take the young wood with a small portion of 
the old wood attached. The soil in which they are plant- 
ed should be at least one half sand or sandy loam, and the 
remainder a good, well-decomposed leaf mold, or other old 
and rich soil. If planted in September or early October, 
and kept from freezing, they will usually be rooted by the 
first of May following, even when no glass is used for 
coverings. They should be shaded from the direct rays 
of the sun until winter sets in, then covered sufficiently to 
keep out the frost. Transplant the next spring. (See page 
32.) It is a tree of small size, seldom over thirty feet. 
The Arborvites are very numerous, and there is scarcely 
any country in the northern portion of our globe that does 
not furnish us with one or more species of this tree. Bot- 
anists have divided them into two classes—those which 
produce wingless seeds are called Biota, and to this class 
belong what is known as the Chinese Arborvite (Biota 
Chinensis), Tartarian Arborvite (Biota Tartarica), and 
many varieties which have been produced from their seeds, 
The Siberian Arborvite, which is so well known among 
us, has winged seeds, and properly belongs to the Thujas 
