64 TREE PLANTER'S MANUAL. 



It requires 65,000 twelve-inch cuttings per acre, well drained and plowed, 

 sixteen inches deep. Cultivate shallow, and mulch. During the winter 

 cut the rods down close to the ground. Rightly managed, the willow farm- 

 ing will be profitable on that lot for fifteen years; then newly plant. 



UMBRELLA AND WALKING STICKS. 



A trade in the above commodities is of great proportions; and whoever 

 engages in the business of raising them from the thickets will find it in the 

 near future a paying industry. We can grow them from seed sown broad- 

 cast on our properly managed prairie or woodland soils. Suitable for the 

 market are our Red and Jack pines, spruces, birches, elms, maples, ashes, 

 oaks, box elders, diamond willows, etc. The value of the sticks can be en- 

 hanced by artifices in producing oddities for heads and handles. They can 

 be cut in a few years. 



Presenting this industry as a lucrative one, "Hardwood" says: "America 

 furnishes a great variety of woods and canes for both walking and umbrella 

 sticks, and a number of concerns make a business of collecting and dealing 

 in them, and a large number are exported to Europe, while a much larger 

 number are imported from every quarter of the globe. Millions of young 

 saplings from the forests of the entire United States and Mexico, and canes 

 from the brakes of the South, are consumed annually in the trade." 



HOOP- POLES. 



There is no need of advising men who live among our native trees to thin 

 out the clumps of the ashes for hoop-poles. They are doing that and thin- 

 ning the species out of existence. Say, leave a few, please, that the gen- 

 eration of the twentieth century may credit us with having sense and 

 philanthropy enough to transmit a type of the "fittest." But what a 

 profit any of us could make from our woodlands or prairie acres, were Ave 

 to raise the ashes thick as they could healthfully grow from broadcast 

 seeding and keeping out the weeds and grasses. 



SEEDLINGS FROM THE WOODLANDS. 



Nature sows her seeds bountifully, but owing to soil conditions only a 

 few can sprout; where localities are specially favorable success is certain. 

 Why not prepare conditions there and raise plants by carloads from the 

 prairied Northwest? The investment would pay, and at the same time im- 

 prove our native woods. 



MATURE TREES. 



As in the cases just stated in respect to very young trees, the removal of 

 the mature ones should be made to subserve two objects, market profit and 

 forest improvement. As says an American forester: 



"True forestry recognizes the forest as a crop to be harvested when ripe, 

 but asks that this crop, requiring decades and even centuries to mature, 

 should receive at least equal consideration with others which demand but 

 a few months to complete their growth. It seeks to have the frugality 

 which encourages the farmer to utilize the straw threshed from his grain 

 evidenced in making use of the tops and limbs of trees felled for timber. 



