: J< FOREST UTILIZATION 



3. More set is required for long saws and for soft 



woods than for short saws and hard woods. 



4. When hammering, strike tooth fully Y inch 



. from point of tooth. 



5. If teeth are badly set, take, to begin with, all 



set out of the teeth. 



6. Apply side file inside file holder, to take away 



slight irregularities of set (after filing the 

 teeth). 



(d) "Filing." Filing usually follows setting except in the 

 case of saws spanned in a vise, when the set is 

 afterward given by holding the set block on one 

 side of the spanned saw and hammering from the 

 other. 

 Rules of filing are : 



1. File inside of tooth only. 



2. File to a bevel or fleam of 45. 



3. Push the file away and do not draw it toward 



you. 



4. Do not file point to a feather edge. 



5. It is useless to sharpen tooth below the cutting 



point. 



(e) "Gumming." Gumming is usually done with the 



file; the lever (punch) gummer may be used for 

 the purpose, however. 



(f) Remarks: A good, well-tempered saw holds sharpen- 



ing and filing for six work days. 

 In California one man "cross-cut saws" up to six 

 feet long are used in dissecting the bole into logs. 

 The cross-cut saw file shows, on the cross section, a 



narrow triangle with curved back. 

 In Europe flat and triangular files are used for 



cross-cut saws. 

 The "spread set'' of the cutting teeth has been tried 



and was found impracticable. 

 F. Wedges. 



Wedges are used : 



I. To split wood. The "axe wedge" is usually made of iron and 

 should have straight and not convex cheeks, which are often 

 grooved to prevent wedge from jumping the cleft. 

 Wedges are sold by the pound. 



Iron wedges are prevented from jumping by heating them, 

 by putting dirt in the cleft, or else a rag (wet) over the 

 wedge. 



Wooden wedges are made of the butts of hard maple, horn- 

 beam, black gum, dogwood and beech. 

 Iron wedges with wooden backs are frequently used abroad. 



