io FOREST UTILIZATION 



A peavy must answer the following requirements : 

 I. Hook adapted to any size log. 



II. Bill to be so constructed as to catch securely through any- 

 layer of bark. 

 III. Proper length, greatest strength and low weight. 



D. Cant hooks. 



The cant hook is a peavy, lacking the pick (point). 

 The socket consists of two rings only joined by a narrow bar. 

 Cant hooks are used more in the mill and yard, peavies more in the- 

 woods. 



E. Cross-cut saws. 



I. Radius experiments show a radius of 5 feet 2 inches to be best. 

 The straight drag saws require excessive strength and are 

 deficient in dust chambers. 

 II. Width of blade. 



It is at the widest point about 85/2 inches. The hollow back 

 saws, a very recent invention, have only about 4 inches 

 width all through. 



III. Thickness of blade. 



The back of the saw is always somewhat thinner than the 

 gauge of the teeth. Henry Disston gives the saw backs 

 4 or 5 gauges less thickness than the saw teeth. Atkins 

 gives the teeth "14 gauge," the back at the handles "16 

 gauge" and at the center of the back "19 gauge." 



IV. Uniformity of temper and proper temper are obtained by spe- 



cial processes. No hammering of blades. Cheeks are per- 

 fectly smooth. 

 V. Construction of teeth is very variable. Dust room between the 



teeth should be twice as large as the teeth. 



For hardwoods more teeth are necessary than for softwoods. 

 There are two kinds of teeth, namely: 



(a) The cutting teeth, a couple or trio of which might be 



arranged on a common stock, to form "T'uttle or 

 Wolf Teeth." Only the points of the cutters actually 

 cut into the fibre. 



(b) The raker or cleaner teeth, meant to plane off the fibre 



severed by the cutters and to shift the sawdust out 

 of the kerf. European experiments prove the useless- 

 ness of cleaners. They simply occupy valuable dust 

 room. The point of the rakers should recede by 

 1/32 of an inch from the cutting line of the cutting 

 points. 



VI. Length of saw is from 4 ft. to 8 ft. At Biltmore 6 l / 2 ft. and 



at Pisgah 7 ft. is preferred. 

 Local crews use the "diamond cross-cut," the "champion 



teeth" and the "hollow back" saw. 



VII. Saw handles should be easily detachable. The material of 

 the handle is maple, birch and hickory. Handles are fixed 



