FOREST U T I LIZ A T10N 



29. Shoe pegs. . 



30. Excelsior mill. 



31. Manufacture of wood pulp and chemical fibre. 



32. Tannery. 



33- Charcoal. 



34. Lampblack and brewer's pitch. 



35. Pyroligneous acid and wood alcohol. 



36. True aethyl alcohol. 



37. Artificial silk. 



38. Oxalic acid. 



39. Maple sugar. 



40. Naval stores. 



41. Vanillin. 



42. Beechnut oil. 



43. Pine leaf hair. 



44. Impregnation. 



FOREST UTILIZATION. 



I. DEFINITION. 



The term "forest utilization" comprises all acts by which forests 



the immobile produce of nature are converted into movable goods 



or commodities. Considered as a science or as an art, forest utilization 



constitutes the major part of forestry now practiced in our new country, 



-abounding in forests. 



As a discipline, forest utilization may be divided into two main 

 parts, namely: "logging operations" and "manufacture," arranged in 

 the following five chapters : 



Chapter I. Labor employed in the forest. 

 Chapter II. Cutting operations. 

 Chapter III. Transportation. 

 Chapter IV. Foundations of manufacture. 

 Chapter V. Manufacturing industries. 



II. LITERATURE. 



There exists, unfortunately, no handbook on American forest 

 utilization, although forest utilization shows a higher development in 

 the United States than in any other country. 



Among the foreign literature on forest utilization, publications of 

 the following authors are particularly worthy of note: 



Carl Gayer, Richard Hess, William Schlich, Hermann Stoetzer, 

 'Carl Grebe, Wilhelm Franz Exner, Carl Schuberg, Heinrich Semler, 

 H. von Noerdlinger, Carl Dotzel, E. E. Fernandez, L. Boppe, M. Powis 

 Bale. 



