FOREST UTILIZATION 87 



curved to correspond with the periphery of the 

 finished barrel) which are fastened in a rocking 

 frame. 



(c) The "stave dresser" frequently takes the place of 



the bucker. It carries knives on two cutter- 

 heads, dressing and hollowing the stave on both 

 sides to proper thickness and leaving either an 

 abrupt or a gradual shoulder 



(d) The stave saw yields staves of equal form, but 



greater permeability, more economically than 

 the hand. Stave bolts must have the following 

 minimum dimensions : thickness with grain 5 

 inches ; width close to heart 3 inches. 



The bolts are barked and hearted in the woods, 

 being split from logs having at least a diameter 

 of 15 inches inside the bark. 



The stave saw consists of: 



1. A hollow steel cylinder, having the diam- 



eter of the barrels to be made and car- 

 rying saw teeth at bne end. 



2. A carriage with clamps passing the saw 



cylinder. 



3. A stave holder running into the cylinder 



and removing the sawed staves. Capac- 

 ity 12,000 staves per day. 



(e) In slack cooperage, a stave cutter is. often used, 



consisting of a circle (20 inches for fruit bar- 

 rels) with one knife attached, making 150 revolu- 

 tions per minute. The stave bolts are steamed 

 beforehand. The knife separates at each revo- 

 lution of the circle, or by each single stroke, 

 a stave from the bolt. 



Capacity 140,000 per day. Price $130. Horse- 

 power, 4. 



The rotary veneer machine is now also used to 

 cut 4 inch or 4^ inch gum staves. 



The stave equalizer trims the ends and gives the 

 staves the proper length. It consists of two 

 circular saws and a tilting bed or a carriage, 

 (h) Stave listers or jointers edge the staves in such 

 a way that the edges coincide with a plane 

 through the axis of the barrel. 



Staves for export are straight listed and without 

 bilge. 



The stave jointer is either a circular swing saw 

 or it consists of two circular saws; or of a 

 number of inclined knives held by cutte'rheads ; 

 or of one knife running in a sash frame ; or it 

 resembles a heading jointer (starjointer). 



