42 Forest Mensuration 



4. Each cove is numbered or lettered to correspond with the tally 

 sheet on a tree standing at the outlet of the cove. 



PARAGRAPH LXV. 



PISGAH FOREST METHOD FOR STUMPAGE SALE, BARK SALE AND LUMBERING 



OPERATIONS. 



1. Each tree is approached individually, its diameter measured and its 

 defects, especially its hollowness, examined by "sounding." The diam- 

 eter measure and the estimated volume are entered on a tally sheet oppo- 

 site the number of the tree, which is inserted in the stump of the tree 

 by a stroke of the "revolving numbering hammer." 



2. One cruiser and one helper tally 400 trees per day. 



3. The method allows of ready control by the owner, the forester and 

 the buyer. It is adapted to hardwood forests in a rough mountainous 

 country where the merchantable trees per acre are few ; and where no 

 tree is, practically, free from defects. (Compare Graves' Bulletin No. 

 36, page 115). 



PARAGRAPH LXVI. 

 HENRY GANNETT'S METHOD, ADOPTED FOR THE TWELFTH CENSUS. 



1. Base the estimate on the cruising reports obtainable from the local 

 lumber companies and railroad companies. 



2. Control the applicability of the estimates to huge tracts by travers- 

 ing them and by overlooking them from a mountain top. 



Mr. Gannett expects that mistakes made in one county will be offset 

 by those made in another. 



PARAGRAPH 'LXVII. 

 A "FORTY" METHOD USED IN MICHIGAN. 



1. A "forty" (a square of 80 x 80 poles) is subdivided into 10 rectan- 

 gles of 4 acres each, measuring 16 x 40 rods. 



2. The cruisers estimates when entering a rectangle. He counts the 

 number of trees on every 4 acres and multiplies the number by the size 

 of the average tree. 



3. For each "forty" the cruiser records in a memorandum the factors 

 influencing the logging operations or the timber values, notably the 

 swamps, ridges, forest fires, degree of defectiveness, facilities of trans- 

 portation. 



A central line traversing the "forty" in a north and south direction is 

 sometimes kept by a compassman assisting the cruiser. The outer lines 

 of the "forty" are plain from the official survey marks. 



