SYLVICULTURE. 



might be planted in patches on soil roughly prepared with rake. 

 Very little cover must be given. 



Seeds cost: Ulmus americana 22c per pound. Ulmus campestris 

 6c per pound. 



J. Buckeye. 



The Asiatic species is valuable in deer parks, its fruit being 

 eaten by deer and boar. The American species are poisonous (flava 

 and glabra). Seeds ripen in .October, winter well, but can as well 

 bo planted in fall. After Weise, the seeds should be planted with 

 the navel down. First class soil (Ohio) is required, or at Bilt- 

 more strong North coves at higher altitudes, where Buckeye is 

 sometimes found in small groves. Planted in furrows on abandoned 

 fields (Biltmore), Buckeye has shown rapid progress during the 

 first year, but has since made small shoots only. Seeds of the 

 Asiatic species cost 2%c per pound. 



K. Black Locust. 



The seeds ripen in fall and are easily kept over winter un- 

 injured by mice, birds or insects. To prevent seeds from lying 

 over, S. B. Green advises to pour boiling water over them just 

 before planting, a treatment causing many seeds to sprout at once. 

 The fleshy, oval cotyledons and the primordial leaves are not 

 pinnate. The tree is an exception to the rule of optimum depth 

 of covering (the depth of long diameter of seed) since it does 

 best when covered 2 to 3 inches deep. The seedlings are sensitive 

 to late frosts. The planting had better be delayed until the danger 

 of frost is past. The price of seeds, 5-10c per pound, renders Locust 

 seeds the cheapest seed obtainable since the germinating percentage 

 is high. The seedlings grow until late fall, when they reacli nearly 

 two feet in height. At Biltmore, Black Locust is planted into Oak 

 coppice on raked patches, with the rake, and on abandoned fields 

 in furrows 5 to 6 feet apart. Five pounds per acre is enough. Plan- 

 tations suffer from ground mice and, later on, from a moth. Locust 

 thrives on exhausted agricultural soil and is~ used in Europe 

 exclusively to reforest the Hungarian prairies; further along rail- 

 road cuts. Forest-grown Locust is much superior to field-grown 

 Locust. 

 L. Hickories. 



The nuts of the thin-shelled species (ovata and minima) can- 

 not be held over winter and need fall planting. Seed plantations 

 suffer from mice and squirrels, and especially from voles, which 

 bite off the seedlings below ground, row after row. Bitternut 

 seems exempt from such attacks. The seedling, in the first years, 



54 



