SYLVICULTURE. 



method for planting Long Leaf Pine, Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, etc. 

 Capacity 800 to 900 per day and hand. 



C. The Buttlar Iron, once much used for thrusting holes into 

 the soil, is now in disfavor since it causes the seedlings to be in- 

 serted into holes having walls as impenetrable as those of a flower- 

 pot. Only plants one or two years old can be thus planted ('' cleft 

 planted ") . 



D. The Wartenberg Iron consists of a sword 18 inches long, 

 attached to a heavy handle. Price $2.25. Similar irons we made 

 at Biltmore out of three-inch wagon tire, at a small ccst. A deep 

 cleft is made by the iron in which tap-rooted seedlings are readily 

 inserted. On binding soil, however, or in a broomsedge field, the use 

 of this iron cannot be recommended. 



E. The planting hammer is used to make small holes for small 

 roots. The iron part of the hammer is about five inches long. The 

 planting hatchet, a similar make, may be used to advantage for 

 planting one-year-old plants. The holes are closed by beating the 

 dirt round the holes with the back of the hammer or with the 

 hatchet. 



F. Von Alemann constructed a very heavy square spade which 

 is pushed and drawn in a particular way, like the lever of a handcar 

 on the railroads, so as to make the lower part of the hole wider than 

 the middle part, the cross-section of the whole forming an X. If 

 Oaks are planted, an extra hole is made at the bottom of that mare 

 with the spade, by means of a long dagger in which the tap root 

 of the oak is to be imbedded. The hole is closed by pressure from 

 the sides. It seems doubtful whether the soil will close entirely 

 over the roots unless it be sandy. One man can plant 580 Oaks two 

 years old or 1,270 Yellow Pines two years old with this instrument 

 on plowed ground. 



G. The Planting Beak, constructed by Earth, makes and empties 

 a triangular hole, taking out the dirt filling the hole. Plants one or 

 two years old are placed along the vertical side of the hole. Then 

 the dirt kept in the beak is filled in. The instrument is 3y 2 feet 

 long and weighs 15 pounds. It is said to be superior to all cleft 

 planting tools, whilst it works just as cheaply on loose soil. 



H. Planting under sod cover. (Von Alemann). Two sods are 

 turned over, like the covers of books, and laid back, upside down, 

 without loosening the "hinge" of the sods. The soil in the hole 

 is deeply worked with a spade. In the middle of the hole the plant 

 is placed, with the roots spread as much as possible within the entire 

 hole. Then the two sods are turned back into their original position, 



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