SYLVICULTURE. 



to stay in the beds; rapidity of growth. Oak 2% of a quart j 

 Beech and Chestnut, 4% of a quart; Locust, Ash, Maple, Elm, Birch, 

 30 grains; Alders, 45 grains; Fir, 150 grains; Yellow Pine, 15 

 grains ; Spruce, 20 grains ; Tamarack, 30 grains ; avoirdupois all 

 per square foot. 



The figures given are illustrations, not prescriptions. 



Heavy seeds (nuts) a.re usually dibbled in, with a '"dibbling 

 board." 

 Paragraph XXXI. Transplanting in transplanting beds. 



Transplanting is expensive. It must be done at a time when 

 forestal labor is anyhow fully occupied. Transplanting is, there- 

 fore, resorted to only 



A. In case of very expensive seeds or seedlings. 



B. In case of very slow growing seedlings. 



C. In case of plants exposed in the open to severe dangers 

 (drought, frost, game, mice, insects, weeds). 



To avoid transplanting, the following alternatives are used: 



I. The offspring of very cheap seeds (German Spruce) is " sin- 

 gled out," weaklings or individuals standing crowdedly being pulled 

 out by hand, or being cut out by scissors. 



II. " Root pruning " is adopted which inforces a compact root 

 system by cutting off, with a sharp spade, far-spreading roots, or 

 long tap roots. 



The transplanting distance is, at least, three by six inches and 

 is governed by rapidity of growth expected and by the number of 

 years which the transplant is to be left in the transplanting bed. 



Transplants are set in clefts in the transplanting bed made 

 with the help of a transplanting dagger, or are placed into trenches 

 made with a hoe or spade. 



Planting boards may be used, along which the seedlings, whilst 

 pressed into equidistant slight grooves, are held in proper posi- 

 tion by a string tightly spanned. 



Transplants are often left for one year only in the trans- 

 planting bed, although the act of transplanting weakens the plant 

 temporarily, thus checking the first year's growth in the trans- 

 planting bed. Conifers should not be transplanted more than once. 

 Hardwoods are rarely transplanted more than once, excepting the 

 Ash, saplings of which are used for planting hummocks. 



Paragraph XXXII. Protection of nurseries. 



A. Protection of nursery plants against drought: Lath covers, 

 cloth covers, branches, cornstalks, top covering of slabs, laths, etc.; 



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