SYLVICULTURE. 



D. Picea engelmanni : likes strong but not wet soil it is winter 

 frost hard; but suffers slightly from late frosts. 



Root system deep, many fibred; not flat. 



Dislikes top shade. 



Yearling only one to two inches high; two years old four 

 inches high; five years old one foot high. 



Height growth always slow, hence easily outgrown, and pure 

 stands required. 



Use transplants, five years old. 



E. Picea parrayana: Very frost proof, more so than any other 

 Spruce ! 



Stands wet soil: not exacting. 

 No .top shade. 



Root system compact, fine fibred. 

 Slow early growth, as in Engelmann's Spruce. 

 Plantations 10 years old average one and three-quarter feet 

 only in height. 

 Animal proof. 



F. Picea sitchensis: Requires moist soil and moist air. 

 Heat requirements as in P. excelsa. 



Soil requirements less than in P. excelsa, growing both on sand 

 and on clay. Not in stagnating moisture, but stands inundation well. 



Does well on seashore and on higher altitudes. 



Height growth at first very slow; from fifth year on better than 

 in excelsa. 



Short branches, slowly dropped; close stand required, fond of 

 forking. 



No head shade! Side shade welcome but not required. 



Frost and drought only dangerous during first and second year. 



Game does not bother it. 



Seed-beds of mild, rich soil to strengthen w r eak seedlings. 



Use strong transplants, five years old. 



G. Abies amabilis: Plants five years old are still very sensitive 

 against direct insolation and subject to late frosts. 



Rate of growth as in A. pectinata. 



H. Abies concolor: Spring shoots formed late; resists frost 

 and any other climatic attacks well! 



Not exacting as to soil, doing w r ell on Scotch Pine soil of second 

 quality, provided that it be fresh. 



Tap-root formed in second year. 



Height growth in early youth better than in any other Fir: 

 plants eight years old have average height of three feet. 



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