SYLVICULTURE 



As a sylvicultural type, the shelterwood group system has been 

 fathered by Charles Gayer. 



It is the most modern type of German n. s. r., applied especially 

 in the natural seed regeneration of Spruce and Beech. 



C. Advantages: 



I. The type grants the forester the utmost liberty of action, 

 by offering him a large number of points at which to start and at 

 which to continue his logging operations. 



II. In mixed forests, the system allows of fostering the most 

 valuable species and of checking the less desirable species or the 

 weed species. 



III. The type does not take any sylvicultural chances. 



IV. The young growth is well protected against the usual atmos- 

 pheric dangers. 



V. The good qualities of the soil are carefully husbanded. 



D. Disadvantages: 



I. The type makes unusual demands on the personal and local 

 attention of the manager as well as of the staff, necessitating small 

 ranges and high administrative expenses. 



II. Mother trees at the leeward side of an enlarged group are 

 subject to dangers from storm; on the northeast side of a group 

 subject to dangers from sun scald. 



III. A large outlay is incurred for logging the trees owing to 

 the scattering character of the operations and owing to the care 

 required in felling and transportation, for the benefit of both young 

 and old growth. 



IV. In the case of very large trees, covering by their crowns 

 as much as 500 to 1,000 square feet, the removal of an individual 

 tears too big a hole into the forest and enlarges the group too 

 rapidly at a stroke. 



V. The type does not allow of the removal of hypermature trees 

 with proper expedition. They are removed only when the waves of 

 the group begin to touch their feet. 



VI. The soil in the proximity of white barked trees bordering 

 a group is scorched by reflected sun rays. 



Paragraph LI. The shelterwood selection type of natural seed regen- 

 eration. 



This type scarcely exists in a pure form. Where it exists, it 

 is invariably bastardized with the cleared selection or the advance 

 growth selection type of natural seed regeneration. 



The pure type would imply the immediate development (or 

 rather the simultaneous development) of a seeding growth in the very 



117 



