III. FISHES, LIVING AND FOSSIL. 



^.Y IXTRODUCrORY STUDY. 



BY 



BASHFORD DEAN, Ph.D., Columbia, 



Instructor in Biology, Columbia University. 

 8vo. Cloth. $2.50, net. 



This work has been prepared to meet the needs of the oren- 

 eral student for a concise knowledge of the Fishes. -It contains 

 a review of the four larger groups of the strictly fishlike fornis, 

 Sharks, Chimaeroids, Teleostomes, and the Dipnoans, and adds 

 to this a chapter on the Lampreys. It presents in figures the 

 prominent members, living and fossil, of each group; illustrates 

 characteristic structures; adds notes upon the important phases 

 of development, and formulates the views of investigators as to 

 relationships and descent. 



The recent contributions to the knowledge of extinct Fishes 

 are taken into special account in the treatment of the entire 

 subject, and restorations have been attempted, as of Dinichthys, 

 Ctenodus, and Cladoselache. 



The writer has also indicated diagrammatically, as far a? 

 generally accepted, the genetid' relationships of fossil and living 

 forms. 



The aim of the book has been mainlv to furnish the student 

 with a well-marked ground-plan of Ichthyology, to enable him to 

 better understand special works, such as those of Smith Wood- 

 ward and Giinther. The work is fullv illustrated, mainlv from 

 the writer's original pen-drawings. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER 



I. Fishes. Their Esseniial Characters. Siiarks, Chimaeroids, Teleo- 

 stomes, aud Lung-tishes. Their Appearance iu Time and their 

 Distribution. 



II. The Lampreys. Their Position with Reference to Fishes. Bdel- 

 lostoma, jVIyxine, Petromyzon, Palaeospondylus. 



IIL The Shakk Group. Anatomical Cluiracters. Its E.xtiuct 3Iembers, 

 AcaLthodiau, Cladoselachid, Xeuacauthid, Cestraciouts. 



IV. Chimaer<jids. Structures of Callorhynchus and Chimaeia. Squalo- 

 raja aud Myriacantlius. Life-habits and Probable Relationships. 



V. Teleostomes. The Forms of Recent " Ganoids." Habits and Dis- 

 tribution. The Relations of Prominent Extinct Foi-ms. Crosso- 

 pterygians. Typical " Bony Fishes. " 



VI. The Evolution of the Groups of Fishes. Aquatic Metnraerism. 



Numerical Lines. Evolution of Gill-cleft Characters, Paired and 



Unpaired Fins, Aquatic Sense-organs. 

 VII. The Development of Fishes. Prominent Features iu Embr3'onic 



and Larval Development of jMwmbers of each Group. Summaries. 



