VIl] 



OXIDIZING ENZYMES 



103 



Of the methylated compounds, myrtillidin and oenidin may be re- 

 presented thus: 



HO 



HO 



C — OCHj 



HO H 



Myrtillidin 



>: 



OH 



OCH3 



=^0H 



C— OCH" 



Hd H 



Oenidin 



Expt. 106. Preparation and reactions of pelargonin chloride. Extract the flowers 

 from two or three large bosses of the Scarlet Geranium {Pelargonium zonale) in a 

 flask with hot alcohol. Filter oft' and concentrate on a water-bath. Then pour the 

 hot concentrated solution into about half its volume of strong hydrochloric acid. On 

 cooling, a crystalline precipitate of pelargonin chloride separates out. Examine under 

 the microscope and note that it consists of sheaves and rosettes of needles. Filter 

 off" the crystals, take up in water and make the following experiments with the 

 solution : 



(a) Add alkali. A deep blue-violet colour is produced. 



{b) Take two equal quantities of solution in two evaporating dishes. To one add 

 as quickly as possible some solid sodium chloride. The colour in the solution without 

 salt will rapidly fade owing to the formation of the colourless isomer in neutral 

 solution : this change is prevented to a considerable extent in the solution containing 

 salt owing to the formation of an addition compound of the pelargonin with the 

 sodium chloride which prevents isomerization (see p. 98). To portions of the water 

 solution (without sodium chloride) which has lost its colour add respectively acid 

 and alkali. The red colour returns with acid owing to the form^ition of the red acid 

 oxonium .salt : with alkali a greenish-yellow colour will be produced due to the 

 formation of the salt of the colourless isomer. If alkali is added to the portion of the 

 pigment solution containing the sodium chloride, it will be found that it still gives 

 a violet colour. 



(c) Add sulphuric acid and amyl alcohol. The alcohol does not take up the 

 colour. Add amyl alcohol after acidifying another portion of the solution with 

 sulphuric acid and heating on a water-bath. The alcohol now abstracts some of the 

 colour. This shows that the glucoside pelargonin exists in the first case, but is 

 decomposed into the non-glucosidal pelargonidin after heating with acid. 



(d) Acidify with hydrochloric acid and add zinc du.st : the colour disappears and 

 returns again after filtering. 



Expt. 107. Preparation of the acetic acid salt of pelargonin. Make an alcoholic 

 extract of petals as in Expt. 106. Evaporate down and pour into glacial acetic acid 

 instead of hydrochloric acid. The crystals of the salt formed are smaller and more 

 purple in colour than those of the chloride. 



Expt. 108. Preparation and reactions of crude peonin chloride. Extract the petals 

 of one or two flowers of the Crimson Paeony {Paeonia officinalis) with 95-98 "/o 

 alcohol. Filtei- and evaporate nearly to dryness. Then add some methyl alcohol and 



