162 THE PLANT BASES [CH. 



Hyoscy amine occurs in the Henbane {Hyoscyaniiis niger), H. 

 muticus and also in the Mandrake {Mandragora). 



Erythroxylaceae : Cocaine and tropacocaine occur in Coca leaves 

 {Erythroxylon Coca) together with smaller quantities of allied alkaloids. 

 Cocaine has the formula : 



H OCOC,iH5 



\/ 



c 



/\ 



CH.. CHCOOCH3 



r I 



CH CH 



\ A 

 NCH3 



CH2— CHj 



Punicaceae: Pelletierine and other allied alkaloids occur in the root 

 and stem of the Pomegranate Tree (Punica Granatum). 



Leguminosae: Sparteine occurs in the Broom {Spartiwm scoparium): 

 lupinine in the yellow and black Lupins (Lupinus luteus and L. niger) 

 and cytisine in the Laburnum {Cytisus Laburnum). 



4. The quinoline alkaloids. 



These are derivatives of quinoline. (Quinoline is » colourless liquid 

 which boils at 239° C.) Its constitution is : 



These alkaloids form two natural groups, (a) the cinchona alkaloids, 

 i.e. quinine, cinchonine and allied forms, and (h) the strychnine alkaloids, 

 i.e. strychnine and brucine. 



Quinine occurs in the bark of various species of the genus Cinchona 

 (Rubiaceae) which are trees, originally natives of S. America, but now 

 cultivated on a large scale in Ceylon, Java and India. The species 

 employed are C. Calisaya, Ledgeriana, ojfficinalis, succiruhra. The yellow 

 bark oi Calisaya has the highest percentage, i.e. 12 "/o. of alkaloid. 



Quinine is a white solid which crystallizes in long needles containing 

 water of crystallization. It is very slightly soluble in cold water, more 

 60 in hot but readily soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. With 



