372 APPENDIX. NOTES. 



louse, not only on account of its derivation from a root, 

 p, which signifies to fix firmly, which agrees better with 

 the animal just named than with the mosquito, but also 

 because it was produced from the dust of the earth like 

 other apterous animals, and not from the waters, like the 

 winged ones. 1 The African negroes, as was before ob- 

 served, have a peculiar louse. 2 



NOTE 7, p. 17. Geologists have observed, from the 

 remains of plants and animals embedded in the strata of 

 this and other northern countries, that the climate must 

 formerly have been warmer than it now is. That the 

 inclination of the earth's axis was once different from what 

 it now is was a very ancient opinion ; but whatever might 

 be the cause, the fact seems to have been certain, from 

 the existence in very high latitudes of the plants and 

 animals here alluded to, such as various species of palms, 

 of elephants, hippopotami, turtles, and similar tropical 

 forms. Cuvier indeed has conjectured, that the carcase 

 of a mammoth found in Siberia belonged to a cold climate 

 because it was clothed with wool as well as hair. Its 

 hair was stated to consist of three kinds. One being 

 stiff black long bristles, another flexible hair of a reddish 

 brown colour, and the third a reddish brown wool which 

 grew among the roots of the long hair. 3 Now with respect 

 to sheep, there is evidently a difference with regard to 

 their coat in those that live in warm climates, and those 

 that inhabit cold ones, the coat of the former usually 

 consisting chiefly of hairs, and the latter of wool ; 4 but 



1 Genes, i. 21. 



Fabr. Syst. Antliat. 340. 2. 



3 Cuvier, Theory of the Earth, by Jameson, 275. 



* See above, Vol. I. p. 64. 



