PO UL TR T- CRAF'l \ 61 



CHAPTER V. 



Fowls Described.* 



68. Kinds of Fowls. Common or Mongrel. Old dunghill stock 

 more or less improved by irregular infusions of pure blood. 



Fowls produced by indiscriminate crossings of pure breeds. 



Cross bred, produced from cross matings of pure breeds usually applied 

 only to the offspring of a first cross further crossing producing either grades 

 or mongrels, according as it is systematic or indiscriminate. 



Grade, produced by systematic crosses of a pure breed on another pure 

 breed, or on common stock. 



Pure bred, thoroughbred, the product of a union of typical specimens 

 of its breed or variety, which, when mated to the breed type of the opposite 

 sex produces offspring of both sexes true to type. 



Standard bred^ bred to conform to the description of the breed or 

 variety in the American Poultry Association's! Standard. 



*NOTE. In the poultryman's vocabulary the word ** fowl," used without a qualifying 

 word, as Tvater-iovf\, jwtif0-awl, always means "chicken" specifically an adult 

 chicken; while the words "chicken," and "chick," are applied to the young of the 

 fowl. 



tNoxE. The terms, "standard bred," and "thoroughbred," are often used as 

 synonyms, and in many cases are properly so used. Nearly all varieties which become 

 at all popular are " admitted" to the Standard, and nearly all the varieties described in 

 the Standard are thoroughbred. There are, however, pure breeds not recognized by the 

 American Poultry Association, and fowls of recognized varieties may be pure in blood 

 and well bred without conforming strictly to Standard requirements. The Standard 

 color requirements for some varieties are such that the best types of the different sexes 

 are produced from different matings, only one parent in each case being of the type 

 desired in the offspring. Fowls bred in this way are in reality first crosses of distinct 

 types of the same pure breed. There are some breeders of all varieties for which the 

 system of double matings is used who use single matings, and produce stock that is 

 thoroughbred and standard bred though not, perhaps, reaching as high a degree of 

 excellence as stock from the double matings. 



Recognition by the American Poultry Association is not an indication of the popularity 



