POULTRY FEEDS AND FEEDING 



bonates, nitrates, chlorides and silicates. Phosphates are 

 present in the leaf cells and in the proteins of seeds and 

 sulphur is found in plant proteins. 



PRODUCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND VEGETABLE FATS 



The carbohydrates consisting of carbon and water is the 

 term used to cover all the starches and sugars including the 

 celluloses and pentosans. Chlorophyll which gives the 

 green color to plants, assisted by light and sunshine, trans- 

 forms carbon dioxid and water into compounds resulting 

 in the formation of these starches, sugars and mineral 

 matter, all of which represent stored up energy. 



Carbohydrates constitute the bulk of all the dry matter 

 of plants. The sugars are soluble in the plant juices and 

 pass freely to all parts of the plant while starch is not 

 directly soluble in plant juices but is stored up in the dif- 

 ferent parts of seeds and roots. Starch is subject to 

 change by a ferment or enzyme called diastase which 

 works with water and changes the starch to sugar, in 

 which condition it can be passed freely throughout the 

 plant structure. 



The walls of the cell constituting the framework of the 

 plant are made of cellulose with which is also found some 

 mineral matter or ash. The pentosans are found with the 

 cellulose in the more fibrous or woody parts of the plants 

 and make up a considerable part of the roughages and 

 feeds containing a high per cent of fiber. Vegetable fats 

 and oils which are stored especially in the seeds of certain 

 plants are made of these same elements as the carbohy- 



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