POULTRY FEEDS AND FEEDING 



eral matter and needs to be supplemented with feeds rich 

 in lime and protein. It is an unbalanced feed the same 

 as is corn and should be used with other feeds and not 

 fed as an exclusive grain diet. The protein content of 

 wheat varies considerably in different sections of the coun- 

 try. Durhum or macaroni wheat is grown extensively 

 in the Plains States and has about the same composition 

 as ordinary wheat grown in the same section. 



In producing flour, wheat is milled through rollers, the 

 object being to secure all of the starch and gluten possible, 

 avoiding the germ and the bran. The by-products se- 

 cured in the manufacture of flour are wheat bran, stan- 

 dard middlings or shorts, white or flour middlings, red 

 dog flour, and mixed wheat feed, all of which together 

 make up from 25 to 35 per cent of the wheat kernel. 

 Thus a large amount of wheat by-products are available 

 for feeding live stock and poultry on account of the large 

 amount of flour produced in this country for human con- 

 sumption. 



Bran consists of the outer coating of the wheat and is 

 quite rich in digestible crude protein and mineral matter 

 and also contains considerable carbohydrates. This feed 

 contains considerable fiber and is deficient in mineral 

 lime. Wheat bran contains from 6 to 7 per cent of 

 phosphorus, magnesia, and potash combined together. 

 The laxative effect of bran noted in its use as a 

 feed has been found to be due to its phosphorus content. 

 Lime in some form should be supplied with bran and is 

 generally given to poultry in the form of oyster or clam 



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