264 MICRO-ORGANISMS IN WATER 



Lubarsch ] also found cholera bacilli in the bilge- 

 water of a steamer on the river Elbe. 



The bacillus generally believed to be the exciting 

 cause of typhoid fever, and known as Eberth-Graffky's 

 bacillus (see p. 410), has on a number of occasions been 

 actually found in water suspected of giving rise to 

 typhoid fever. 2 



The first investigator who discovered the typhoid 

 bacilli in water was Moers, 3 who isolated them from a 

 contaminated well supplying a number of people with 

 drinking water, amongst whom many cases of typhoid 

 fever had occurred. 



This discovery was followed by a similar announce- 

 ment from Michael, 4 in Dresden, who isolated the bacilli 

 from a well-water which was suspected of being the 

 origin of the outbreak of typhoid fever which declared 

 itself at the end of the year 1885. 



Dreyfus-Brisac and Widal 5 again detected the bacilli 

 in polluted water obtained from a well in Menilniontant, 

 where typhoid fever had been prevalent for some 

 months. 



Chantemesse and Widal G detected typhoid bacilli 

 three times in the river Seine water during an outbreak 

 of typhoid fe^er in Paris. Thoinot 7 was also able to 



1 Deutsche n/rdieinische WocJienscJirift, 1892, No. 43. 



2 See article on ' Water,' by Percy Frankland, in Thorpe's Dictionary 

 of Applied Chemistry, 1893, vol. iii. 



3 ' Die Bnmnen der Stadt Miilheim a. Rhein vom bakteriologischen 

 Standpimkte aus betrachtet,' Erganzungsli. zum Centralblatt fur allgeni. 

 Gesundheitspficge, vol. ii., 1886, p. 144. 



4 ' Typhusbacillen im Trinkwasser,' Fortscliriffe tier Medici n, vol. iv., 

 1886, p. 353. 



5 'Epidemic de Famille de Fievre typhoide,' Gar,. Jicbdom., 1886, 

 No. 45. 



6 Gazette hebdomadal re de Medecine et de Chiruryie, 1887, pp. 146- 

 150; Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, vol. i., 1887, p. 682. 



7 La Semainc medicate, 1887, No. 14, p. 135 ; Centralblatt fur Bah- 

 leriologie, vol. ii., 1887, p. 39. 



