SPIRILLA 407 



/ 



SPIEILLUM KUGULA 



LIQUEFIES GELATINE 



Authority. Miiller, Vignal, Archives de Physiologic, vol. xviii. 6, p. 333. 



Where Found. In the buccal cavity ; also in stagnant water and putrefying 

 liquids. 



Microscopic Appearance. Rods 6 to 8 /* long and 0-2 to 2-5 p. broad, simply 

 bent or forming a flat spiral twist, sometimes in longer chains. Cilia are found 

 at the poles. It has a lively rotatory movement. Forms round spores at the end 

 of the rod. (Prazmowski.) 



Cultures. Can only be cultivated in the absence of air. 



GELATINE PLATES. - At 20 to 22 C. it forms yellowish-white ball-shaped discs ; 

 later liquefaction takes place. 



GELATINE TUBES. At 20 to 22 C. forms small white pin-head growths on the 

 surface and along the needle's path in the depth. Later liquefaction takes place. 



AGAB-AGAB. At 36 to 38 C. forms a white and slightly folded expansion. 



POTATOES. At 36 to 38 C. forms a white wrinkled expansion, which rapidly 

 spreads over the whole surface, and in older cultures assumes a yellowish colour. 



BLOOD SERUM. At 36 to 38 C. it grows rapidly, liquefying the serum and 

 forming a white pellicle. 



Remarks. It is anaerobic. Gives rise in all culture media to a very penetrating 

 fsecal odour. 



SPIEILLUM MAKINUM 



LIQUEFIES GELATINE 



Authority. Russell, ' Untersuchungen liber im Golf von Neapel lebende 

 Bakterien,' Zeitschrift fur Hygiene, vol. xi., 1891, p. 198. 



"Where Found. Occasionally in sea water and sea mud. 



Microscopic Appearance Small bacillus usually in pairs, more or less 



bent, although straight individuals are also found. When several join together 

 to form a filament, the whole assumes the characteristic spirilla form. It is 

 capable of rotatory as well as progressive movements, and moves rapidly with 

 a corkscrew-like motion across the microscopic field. No spore formation was 

 observed. Stains easily with Loefner's blue and also with fuchsin, becoming- 

 very deeply coloured with the latter. 



Cultures. 



GELATINE PLATES. Forms round small radially striped granular masses, but 

 when liquefaction of the gelatine begins the colony becomes rougher in appear- 

 ance, and flocculent particles float about in the shallow liquid depression. 



GELATINE TUBES. Grows rapidly, liquefying the gelatine and rendering it 

 turbid, and forming a thin semi-transparent pellicle on the surface. 



SEA-WATER GELATINE TUBES. The growth is more restricted, and a thick 

 pellicle forms on the surface of the shallow liquid depression. 



AGAR-AGAR. Grows abundantly, forming a moist liquid whitish expansion, 

 resembling pus in appearance. This collects at the bottom of the tube, and 

 becomes later watery. 



POTATOES. In twenty-four hours a reddish brown sharply circumscribed 

 expansion appears, which increases in size and forms a thick wax-like mass, 

 which later covers nearly the whole potato, but remains soft and entirely super- 

 ficial, although the potato itself becomes gradually of a dark greyish green 

 colour. 



SEA-WATER BROTH. Grows well, rendering the liquid very turbid, forming an 

 abundant and fine deposit and a white smooth pellicle on the surface. Ordinary 

 broth is rendered less turbid. 



Remarks. It will not grow at 37 C. 



