CAMPANULARIA. 207 



From the intermediate cellules, particularly from the one next the 

 polyp-cell, there often grows up a small trumpei-like tube ; and I have 

 seen in one specimen, all the ends of the branches terminated by four 

 of these tubes, diverging in pairs." 



The sub-family Campanularia are also frequently found on our 

 shores ; they possess a simple circle of cilia on their feelers or arms, 

 with pitcher-shaped cells on stalks that branch, twist, or climb on an 

 axis. 



The Campanularia volubilis, or Twining Polyp (Plate I. No. 4), is 

 the common type : it is parasitical, and infests the antennae of the crab 

 to a great extent ; its stem is filiform, and at the end of its slender 

 branches are situated the cells containing the polyps. The polyp itself 

 is slender when protruded, as seen in the figure, and becomes dilated 

 at the base into a sort of foot which spreads over the diaphragm, 

 widening at the top, where it fills the mouth of the cell, and gives 

 origin to about twenty slender tentacula, set in two or three series. 

 From the central space, surrounded by the tentacles, a large fleshy 

 mouth protrudes, somewhat funnel-shaped, with lips, endowed with 

 the power of protrusion and contraction ; these appear to be very 

 sensitive. Mr. Gosse found them in great abundance round Small- 

 mouth Caves. 



The Campanularia gelatinosa has beautiful bell-shaped cells, out of 

 which the animal protrudes, giving it the semblance of a green flower 

 with a delicate pink stalk. It is indeed an interesting object for ob- 

 servation, as the currents in the tubes may be detected. Dr. Johnston 

 says, " On Saturday, May 29th, 1837, a specimen of Campanularia 

 gelatinosa was procured from the shore ; and after having ascertained 

 that the polyps were active and entire, it was placed in a saucer of 

 sea-water. Here it remained undisturbed until Monday afternoon, 

 when all the polyps had disappeared. Some cells were empty, or 

 nearly so ; others were half -filled with the wasted body of the polyp, 

 which had lost, however, every vestige of their tentacula. The water 

 had become putrid, and the specimen was therefore removed to ano- 

 ther vessel with pure water, and again set aside. On examining it on 

 the Thursday, June 1st, the cells were evidently filling again, although 

 no tentacula were visibly protruded j but on the afternoon of Friday, 

 June 2d, every cell had its polyp complete, and displayed in the 

 greatest perfection. Had these singular facts been known to Linnseus, 

 how eagerly and effectively would he have impressed them into the 

 support of his favourite theory! Like the flowers of the field, the 

 heads, or 'flores,' of these polypidoms expand their petaloid arms, 



