SECTIONS OF SPINAL CORD 701 



medulla oblongata, and spinal cord, the strength of the 

 solution may be in the proportion of one of the acid to 

 about three or even two hundred of water. It is best, 

 however, to begin with the weaker solution and increase 

 its strength at the end of some hours. If the cerebral 

 and cerebellar hemispheres be hardened in a solution of 

 greater strength, they become friable and unfit for making 

 perfect sections." 1 



Method of Preparing Sections of the Spinal Cord. By 

 a peculiar method, the late Dr. Lockhart Clarke obtained 

 beautiful sections showing the arrangement of the 

 nerve-fibres and vesicles of the spinal cord and other 

 parts of the nervous system. The results are recorded in 

 the Philosophical Transactions for 1851, Part 2. Thecord, 

 it appears, must be hardened in acetic acid and alcohol, 

 when excessively thin sections may be readily obtained 

 with a sharp knife. These are then soaked in pure spirit, 

 which permeates the texture in every part, and drives out 

 the acetic acid, and afterwards transferred to turpentine 

 which expels the spirit, and lastly the sections are 

 mounted in Canada balsam. By this plan the tissues of 

 the embryos of mammalian animals can also be rendered so 

 transparent that the smallest ossific points can be seen in 

 the temporary cartilages. To render the specimen more 

 transparent immerse it in alcohol to which a few drops 

 of a solution of soda have been added, and allow it to 

 remain quietly for a few days. When sufficiently acted 

 on, remove it, and preserve permanently in weak spirit. The 

 principle of the action of the fluid may be explained 

 thus : alcohol alone tends to coagulate albuminous textures 

 and render them opaque, at the same time that it hardens 

 them. The alkali, on the other hand, renders the tissues 

 soft and transparent, and if time were allowed, would 

 cause their complete solution. These two fluids in con- 

 junction harden the texture and at the same time make it 

 clear and transparent. Many soft tissues may thus be har- 

 dened sufficiently to enable us to cut very thin sections. 



Nerves may be examined in thin sections of the skin 

 after the addition of acetic acid and a solution of soda. 

 Gerber boils the skin until it becomes quite transparent 



(1) Lockhart Clarke on the Microscopical Examination of Nerves. 



