DIPHTHERIA AND PSEUDODIPHTHERIA. 133 



QUESTIONS. 



Where and by whom was the Bacillus anthracis first discovered ? 



What are the three postulates of Koch ? 



Describe the anthrax bacillus? 



How does it stain ? 



How does it appear in the blood of animals? How in culture-media ? 



When does it form spores ? 



How does it grow on gelatin ? How on agar ? How on potato? 



At what temperature does it grow ? 



When does it cease to form spores ? 



Are spores found in the animal body? 



How resistant are the spores ? 



In what four ways are animals injected? 



How are animals inoculated ? 



Describe the lesions found in animals after subcutaneous inoculation ? 



How are cultures attenuated to prepare the anthrax vaccine? 



What is vaccine No. 1 ? Vaccine No. 2? 



How is protecting vaccination practised ? 



CHAPTER XIV. 



DIPHTHERIA AND PSEUDODIPHTHERIA. 



DIPHTHERIA. 

 Bacillus Diphtherias. 



History. The infectious nature of diphtheria had been sus- 

 pected for a long time when Klebs in 1883, and later Loeffler 

 in 1884, discovered and accurately described in the false 

 membranes of diphtheritic patients the presence of a micro- 

 organism which bears their combined name Klebs-Loeffler. 

 Indeed, no infectious disease has been better studied from its 

 etiological and therapeutical standpoints than diphtheria, and 

 it conforms absolutely to the postulates of Koch before men- 

 tioned : that is, it is found in animals sick with the disease, 

 it may be cultivated artificially, and pure cultures inoculated 

 into susceptible animals produce the disease. The disease is 

 not produced by any other germs, and besides injection of its 

 toxins produces in animals substances which are of immu- 

 nizing value when injected into susceptible animals. 



