BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS. 165 



Antityphoid Serum. Bokenham has recently succeeded in 

 immunizing a horse by using a filtered bouillon culture of the 

 typhoid bacillus, and he claims that the horse's serum has 

 immunizing power when injected into guinea-pigs. 



QUESTIONS. 



What name is usually given to the microorganism causing typhoid fever? 



By whom and when was it discovered ? 



Where is it found in the human body? 



Where is it occasionally found outside of the human body? 



Describe the Bacillus typhosus. 



What are its staining peculiarities ? 



How do you stain the flagella of the Bacillus typhosus ? 



Why do you say that it contains no spores? 



How does it behave in the presence of oxygen ? 



Is it motile? 



At what temperature does it grow best ? 



What is its growth on gelatin? On agar? On lactose-litmus-agar? On 

 potato? In Dunham's solution? In the fermentation-tube ? 



Does it liquefy gelatin ? 



What is the thermal death-point of the Bacillus typhosus ? 



What is agglutinin ? 



How are animals inoculated with the Bacillus typhosus f 



What are the points of difference between the Bacillus typhosus and the 

 Bacillus coli communis ? 



Give the Widal-Chantemesse method of distinguishing between colonies 

 of typhoid and coli communis? 



Give Eisner's method of separating the Bacillus typhosus from the Bacillus 

 coJi commnnis and water bacteria. 



Give Abbott's mode of preparing Eisner's medium. 



On what are Stodard's and Hiss' methods based? 



In what organ may the bacillus be obtained in pure cultures? 



How may the resistance of animals to typhoid inoculation be overcome? 



On what does the serum-test of typhoid fever depend ? 



How may serum be obtained for this test? 



Describe the methods pursued with dried blood in municipal laboratories. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Bacillus Coli Communis. 



History. It was discovered by Escherich, 1885, and is found 

 in health as a constant inhabitant of the intestinal tract 

 chiefly in the large intestine and also in the excretions from 



