BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS 



CHAP. 



practical work are abundant, and the instruments required in the 

 early stages are very simple. 



Full instructions will be found for carrying out the experiments 

 given in the following pages, and if the student will only per- 

 form them, and carefully make notes of the results obtained, he 

 will, after working through the book, have a good working 

 acquaintance with elementary botany. 



SUMMARY. 



Botany concerns itself with the study of plants. It is a concrete 

 science. 



Boundary lines can be easily drawn between the higher plants and 

 the higher animals, but the line of demarcation is difficult to define 

 when the lower forms of life are under consideration. 



Plants and animals are built up of protoplasm. The tree of life is a 

 forked one. 



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIVING AND NON-LIVING BODIES. 



Living. 



1. Their shape is definite. 



2. Can reproduce their kind. 



3. Can take in food and grow 

 internally. 



Non-Living. 



1. Either of no definite shape 

 or crystalline. 



2. Cannot reproduce their kind. 



3. Cannot take in food and can 

 only grow from the outside. 



The one object of the plant is to reproduce its kind. 



Morphology 



is 



the science of shape 

 and structure. It is 

 divided into 



Anatomy or struc- 

 ture made out with- 

 out the use of the com- 

 pound microscope. 



Histology or struc- 

 ture made out by the 

 use of a compound 

 microscope. 



SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT. 



Physiology 



is 



j the science of func- 

 I tion, or what a plant 

 can do. It is divided 

 into 



Physiology of nutri- 

 tion. 



Physiology of move- 

 ment. 



Physiology of re- 

 production. 



Classification. 



is 



the science of rela- 

 tionship. 



Embracing plant 

 description, and plac- 

 ing the plant in its 

 true position in the 

 natural system. 



