MORPHOLOGY 15 



SUMMARY. 



Farts of a Plant. The body of a plant is built up of root and shoot. 

 The shoot is divided into stem and leaf. The axis of the plant is built 

 up of the root and stem. The root is the descending axis and the stem 

 the ascending axis. 



From a morphological point of view, we speak of the various parts 

 of a plant as members ; these members are classed as root-structures, 

 stem-structures, leaf-structures, and hair-structures. 



The members are termed organs if we treat them from a physiological 

 standpoint. The wallflower plant is built up of the same parts as the 

 oak tree. 



Farts in a Seed. The following tables show the parts present in the 

 seeds of the Bean and Indian Corn. 



Bean. Indian Corn. 



Coverings of Fruit. Absent. Coverings of Fruit. Present. 



Seed-Coats. Testa and tegmen. Seed-Coats. Testa and tegmen. 



Embryo is built up of radicle, Embryo is built up of radicle, 



plumule, and two cotyledons. j plumule, and one cotyledon. 



Endosperm. Absent. Endosperm. Present. 



Marking in seed coat the hilum. i Marking in seed coat, not seen. 



Opening. Micropyle. Opening. Micropyle, not seen. 



This is a Dicotyledonous plant, j This is a Monocotyledonous 



because it possesses two cotyle- plant because it only possesses 



dons. one cotyledon. 



By the germination of the seed we mean the changes that a seed goes 

 through during its early development. 



A Primary Boot is a root which is produced by the elongation of the 

 radicle. A secondary root is a root which is produced from the primary 

 root. Adventitious roots are roots which are produced from any part of 

 the plant and without any regular order. 



QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER II. 



(1) Define the term member. Name the members which can be 

 found in any plant you may select. 



(2) What is the use of a root ? What kinds of roots are there ? 

 (1881.) 



(3) Suppose a piece of the axis of some flowering plant were shown 

 to you, what appearances would enable you to decide whether it was 

 part of the root or of a stem ? (1882. ) 



(4} Describe the structure of a grain of wheat, and the mode of its 

 germination. (1888.) 



(5) Describe and compare the seeds of the bean and of the wheat. 

 (1887.) 



(6) From what part of a stem does a branch grow ? Illustrate your 

 answer by a sketch. 



