i8 BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS CHAP. 



tiller. In other cases they have the young growing points 

 eaten off by sheep to produce the same result. 



Those buds which persist through the winter are protected 

 with special bud-scales, which may be membranous or scaly in 

 their texture. The bud-scales of the Oak are dry, those of the 

 Horse-Chestnut sticky, from the secretion which they produce. 



FIG. 13. Tillering of Stump of Elm. 



In some cases bud-scales may be hairy, and in others perfectly 

 smooth. The bud-scales as a general rule fall off as the bud 

 opens, thus allowing the leaves to expand. 



EXPT. 8. Obtain a small branch of the Hazel, and note the position 

 of the buds. That at the apex of the branch is the terminal bud, those 

 behind are the lateral ones. 



EXPT. 9. Take a twig from any tree in winter, and keep it in water 

 in a warm room. Note 



(i) It will produce leaves from the leaf-buds ; if flower buds are 

 present, flowers may be produced. 



(ii) This experiment shows that the materials necessary for the de- 

 velopment of the leaves and flowers are stored up in the tree, and when 

 the necessary temperature is obtained development takes place. 



