PREFACE 



Though the book has been primarily designed to cover the 

 syllabus of the Department of Science and Art, it is by no means 

 a " cram-book " for that particular examination, and a thorough 

 knowledge of its contents will not only lay the foundation for 

 further work, but should enable a student to pass any elementary 

 examination in Botany with distinction. The book should also 

 be useful to teachers in elementary schools, in assisting them to 

 prepare object lessons with plants for the instruction of their 

 pupils. 



Teachers are recommended to see that the students perform 

 the experiments, and keep a complete record of the results 

 obtained. Most of the plants necessary for the experiments can 

 be easily obtained ; the others can be grown in the school 

 grounds. A small collection of fruits, seeds, dried and mounted 

 plants, should be kept in all schools. 



It is hoped that the introduction into this book of a series of 

 carefully graded experiments with simple apparatus will prove 

 useful to many students and teachers, and will be the means of 

 making botanical science a more popular subject in the future 

 than it has been in the past. 



Many of the illustrations have been prepared, after careful 

 consideration, by my friend and colleague Mr. W. E. Holt, to 

 whose skill I am much indebted. Figures 128 to 131 have been 

 drawn by my former student, Mr. H. Wright, A.R.C.S. The 

 figures marked S. have, by the kindness of the publishers, been 

 placed at my disposal from Strasburger's Text Book of Botany. 



The questions at the ends of the chapters will serve to test 

 whether students have clear ideas on the subjects dealt with. 

 Those with years indicated are from papers set at the Science 

 and Art Department's examinations ; and T. signifies Training 

 College questions. 



In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to 

 Prof. R. A. Gregory and Mr. A. T. Simmons, B.Sc., for many 

 valuable suggestions and much help during the preparation of 

 the manuscript, and the passage of the work through the press. 



ERNEST EVANS. 



MECHANICS' INSTITUTE AND TECHNICAL 

 SCHOOLS, BURNLEY. 



