50 BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS CH. iv 



Floral Leaves. From these various parts of the flowers are formed. 

 They can be divided into four kinds. 

 Vernation or Praefoliation is the folding of the leaves in the bud. 



QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER IV. 



(1) What is a leaf? Excluding the leaves forming the flower, we 

 have three kinds occupying different positions on the stem in the higher 

 plants. Briefly describe these. 



(2) (a) What parts are present in a perfect foliage leaf? (b] What 

 kinds of venation are found in leaves ? 



(3) Give instances of leaves which are only imperfectly developed. 

 What useful purposes may they serve in such cases? (1882.) 



(4) What is the general plan of arrangement of leaves on a stem ? 

 Why is it the most advantageous to the plant ? (1881.) 



(5) Give a botanical description of the part, in each of the following 

 plants, which is commonly used as food : the potato, the onion, the 

 turnip, and the carrot. (1887.) 



(6) Describe, with examples, the principal forms of compound 

 leaves. What is the difference between a simple and a compound 

 leaf? (1890.) 



(7) Explain, with examples, the following terms : Bract, stipule, 

 pinna, petiole, peduncle. (1896.) 



. (8) What are stipules ? Describe the stipules of the Rose and the 

 Sweet Pea. 



(9) How do the leaves of the Oak differ from the leaves of the Clover ? 



(10) Describe the general structure of the leaf-bud, explaining the 

 meaning of the term " vernation." What is the usual position in which 

 buds are developed on the stem? (1891.) 



