XVII 



MORPHOLOGY OF SEEDS AND FRUIT 



227 



(v) The calyx tube, or receptacle, has grown up and surrounded the 

 gyncecium, thus forming a spurious fruit. The spurious fruits like the 

 Apple are called pomes. 



EXPT. 196. Obtain a number of Strawberries in different stages of 

 development, and examine them. Note 



(i) The ripe Strawberry consists of a pulpy mass which is surrounded 

 at its base by the persistent calyx. 



(ii) The surface of the fruit is covered by numerous small bodies 

 which are the carpels of the apocarpous gyncecium. Each one bears a 

 a style or shows the scar where the style was fixed. 



Now examine the series of Strawberries. Note 



(iii) The least ripe Strawberry will have a very small receptacle, 

 while in riper ones the receptacle increases in size. Thus, the fruit of 

 the Strawberry is spurious, and is formed by the receptacle becoming 

 succulent. 



(iv) It is an apocarpous spurious fruit. 



EXPT. 197. Examine a Blackberry and compare it with the Straw- 

 berry. Note 



(i) The Blackberry consists of a number of succulent druplets, which 

 are arranged on a slightly enlarged receptacle. 



(ii) Each druplet contains a seed. 



(iii) It differs from the Strawberry in having the carpels succulent 

 instead of the receptacle. 



(iv) The Blackberry is an apocarpous fruit, and may be called a 

 compound drupe. 



Classification of True Fruits. Fruits can be arranged 

 according to the characters of the ripe pericarp into : 



( i ) Succulent fruits (simple), when some portion or the whole 

 of the pericarp is succulent. 



FIG. 218. A, Plum ; B, longitudinal section ; C, transverse section. E, epicarp ; 

 M, mesocarp ; En, endocarp ; S, seed. 



(a) The drupe, when the epicarp and mesocarp are succulent, 

 but the endocarp is hard and stone-like (Fig. 218). Examples 

 Cherry, Plum, Peach, and Apricot. 



Q 2 



