CH. xix THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS 243 



(2) Calycifiorse. All dicotyledonous plants which have the 

 stamens perigynous (p. 185) or epigynous, and the pistil either 

 superior or inferior. 



(3) Gamopetalse. All dicotyledonous plants with gamope- 

 talous (p. 184) corolla, and epipetalous stamens, the pistil is 

 either stiperior or inferior. 



(4) Incomplete. All dicotyledonous plants with the corolla 

 absent. 



Divisions of Monocotyledons. The monocotyledons 

 are arranged into three sub-classes, according to the structure 

 and arrangement of their floral whorls. 



(1) Petaloideae. All monocotyledonous plants with coloured 

 perianths (p. 187). 



(2) Spadiciflorse. All monocotyledonous plants with the 

 flowers enclosed in a spathe. 



(3) Glumiflorae. All monocotyledonous plants with the 

 flowers in glumes. 



Each of these sub-classes into which the dicotyledons and 

 monocotyledons are divided includes a number of orders, and 

 each order consists of a number of familiar plants which are 

 closely related. The orders dealt with in this chapter are shown 

 below in a tabular form : 



Sub- Kingdom . . PHANEROGAMS. 

 Division .... ANGIOSPERMS. 



Class DICOTYLEDONS. 



Sub- Class .... Thalamiflorae. 



Natural Order. 



Distinguishing Characteristics. 



(a) Ranunculaceae 



(b) Cruciferse . 



(c) Caryophyllew. 



(i) Stamens indefinite (p. 188), hypogynous. 

 p. 185). 

 (ii) Pistil apocarpous (p. 186). 



(i) Sepals and petals in the form of a cross, 

 (ii) Stamens 6, tetradynamous (p. 185). 

 (iii) Pistil, syncarpous (p. 186), carpels 2. 



(i) Leaves, opposite and entire ; nodes swollen, 

 (ii) Stamens 10, in two series, 

 (iii) Pistil syncarpous. 



R 2 



