xx THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS 275 



Calyx. Gamosepalous, 5 lobed, inferior, lobes acute, hairy 

 green. 



Corolla. Gamopetalous, 5 lobed, hypogynous, very hairy. 



Andrceciuin. Free, 4, didynamous, epipetalous, filament 

 round and hairy, anthers 2 lobed. 



Gynceciiun. Syncarpous, carpels 2, superior, style gynobasic ; 

 stigma 2-fid, ovary 4 lobed ; I ovule in each cell of ovary. 



Fruit. Four nutlets. 



Pollination. Pollinated by humble-bees, which creep into 

 the flower to suck the honey from the nectary. As the bee 

 creeps into the flower its back touches the stigma, and is after- 

 wards dusted with pollen from the anthers. Thus cross-pollina- 

 is effected. 



Properties of Labiatae. None of the plants of this order are poison- 

 ous, but many species possess essential oils which are formed by glands 

 in the tissues of the leaves. The oil can be separated by distillation. 

 Many of the plants of the order are used for cooking purposes, such as 

 Mint, Pennyroyal, Marjoram, Thyme, Sage, and Balm. 



Sub-Class : Incompletse. 



Natural Order : Cupuliferae (Oak Family). The plants 

 of this order include most of. the shrubs and trees found in the 

 temperate regions of the globe. The leaves are simple, monoe- 

 cious (p. 208). The male inflorescence is generally a catkin. 

 The flowers are small and inconspicuous. The perianth is 

 either absent or small and green, The stamens vary in number 

 from 4 to 6, The pistil is syncarpous, carpels from 2 to 6, ovary 

 either 2 or 3 celled, with i or 3 ovules in each, The fruit is 

 often i -seeded, indehiscent a nut. Many plants of this order 

 possess a cupule. Seeds are without endosperm. 



Description of a typical Member of the Cupuli- 

 ferse. (Corylus Avellana, Hazel). 



Habit. A deciduous shrub, with monoecious flowers ; the 

 main stem breaks up into branches just above the ground. 



Root. The primary root of the seedling grows only for a 

 short time, then gives off several lateral roots which run along 

 just beneath the surface soil in a horizontal manner. 



Stem. The base of the stem beneath the ground gives off 

 suckers (p. 21) which grow upwards, and from their lower side 

 adventitious roots are produced. If from any reason the 



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