LEAVES 



157 



separated by acute sinuses, as in catnip; it is dentate when 

 the margin has numerous sharp pointed divisions and rounded 

 sinuses, as in chestnut; it is spinose when the divisions end 

 in a spine and are separated by rounded sinuses, as in holly; 



FIG. 93. Forms of Margin. 1, Entire, sassafras (Sassafras Sassafras) 

 2, repand, witch-hazel (Hamamalis virginiana) ; 3, sinuate, chestnut oak 

 (Quercus prinus) ; 4, crenate, catnip (Nepeta cataria) ; 5, dentate, chestnut 

 (Castanea dentatd) ; 6, Spinose, holly (Ilex opacd) ; 7, serrate, stoneroot 

 (Collinsonia canadensis) ; 8, doubly serrate, slippery elm ( Ulmus fulva) ; 

 9, serrulate, wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) ; 10, incised, red maple 

 (Acer rubrum); 11, runcinate, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). 



it is senate when the divisions and the sinuses are acute, as 

 in stone root; it is doubly-serrate when each acute tooth is 

 again divided into one or two smaller teeth, as in slippery elm; 

 it is serrulate when serrate with diminutive teeth, as in wild 

 sarsaparilla; it is incised when the divisions are sharp and of 



