158 



BUDS AND LEAVES 



variable size as in sugar maple ; and it is ruminate when the 

 sharp-pointed larger divisions point downward, as in dande- 

 lion. 



Lobed, Cleft, Parted and Divided Leaves. The divisions 

 of the margin are of a pinnate type when they extend toward 



FIG. 94. Divisions of the Margins of Leaves. 1, Pinnately lobed, 

 chestnut oak (Quercus prinus); 2, pinnately cleft, lousewort or betony 

 (Pedicularis canadensis) ; 3, pinnately parted, wild lettuce (Lactuca spicata) ; 

 4, pinnately divided, Celandine (Chelidonium majus) ; 5, palmately lobed, 

 sassafras (Sassafras Sassafras') ; 6. palmately cleft, motherwort (Leonurus 

 cardiacd) ; 7, palmately parted, wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) ; 8, 

 palmately divided, bird's foot violet (Viola pedata). 



the midrib, and of a palmate type when they extend toward 

 the base. The margin is lobed when its divisions extend less 

 than half way toward the midrib, as in the pinnately lobed 

 leaf of oak; or less than -half way toward the petiole, as in 



