TYPES OF FLOWERS 185 



Forms of Ovules. Ovules are atropous, anatropous, 

 amphitropous or campylotropous. The ovule is atropous 

 when the body of the ovule is erect on the f uniculus ; it is 

 anatropous when the body is inverted and is in contact with 

 the raphe; it is amphitropous when the body of the ovule 

 grows at right angles to the raphe to which it is attached for 

 about half its length; the ovule is campylotropous when the 

 upper part of the body of the ovule bends downward so that 

 the micropyle is nearly on a level with the chalaza. 



Position of Ovules. Ovules may be attached to the pla- 

 centae so as to be erect, ascending, horizontal, pendulous or 

 suspended. 



Relation of Androecium and Gynoecium. Stamens are 

 said to be gynandrous, when they are adnate to the pistil 

 and appear to grow from it, as in the flowers of the Orchi- 

 dacese. 



Relation of the Calyx, Corolla, and Androacium to the Pistil. 

 The arrangement of the parts of the flower may be hypo- 

 gynous, perigynous and epigynous. 



In hypogynous flowers all sets of floral organs are free 

 and are inserted beneath the pistil; in perigynous flowers 

 the sepals, petals and stamens are borne on the margin of 

 the hypanthium or enlarged summit of the peduncle, which 

 forms a cuplike depression around the pistil, so that the 

 floral organs arise around the pistil and above its point of 

 insertion; in epigynous flowers the hypanthium is still further 

 developed and adnate to the ovary, so that the floral organs 

 appear to grow from its summit. 



Types of Flowers. Flowers are complete when they have 

 sepals, petals, stamens and pistils ; they are incomplete when 

 one of these parts is missing. Flowers with both stamens 

 and pistils are perfect; flowers which have stamens only are 

 staminate, those having pistils only are pistillate. When the 



