LICHENES. 



309' 



Species of Evernia are sometimes used for furnishing yellow 



Speet schneidera, Theloschiates, Parmelia 

 From Parmelia parietina fine dyes have 



Umbilica- 



Fig. 214. Collema pulpnsiim, 

 slightly magnified, showing the 

 apothecia. After Sachs. 



cine, 

 dyes. 



Family 2. Panneliei. 

 (Fig. 202), Physcia, PyyAne. 

 been obtained. 



Family 3. Umbilicariei. 

 ria. 



Family 4. Peltigerei. Sticta (Fig. 

 213), Nephroma, Peltigera, Solorina. Stic- 

 ta pulmonacea was formerly used in medi- 

 cine, but it has fallen into disuse, except- 

 ing with quacks. 



Family 5. Pannariei. Heppia, Pan- 

 naria. 



Family 6. Collemei. EpJiebe, Lich- 

 ina, Synalissa, Omplialaria, Collema, (Fig. 214), Leptogium, Hydro- 

 thyria. 



Family 7. Lecanorei. Placodium, Lecanora, Rinodina, Pertusa- 

 ria (Fig. 215, G), Conotrema, Dirtna, Gyalecta, Urceolaria, Thelotrema, 



Gyrostomum. Lecanora tartn- 

 rea furnish-as a dye, and L. 

 esculenta, of Asia Minor, sup- 

 plies a valuable food ; it is 

 sometimes " carried up by 

 whirlwinds and deposited after 

 traversing the air for many 

 miles, giving rise to stories of 

 tbe miraculous descent of food. 

 A few years since, in a time of 

 great scarcity at Erzeroum, a 

 shower of these lichens fell 

 most opportunely, to the great 

 relief of the inhabitants."* 



TRIBE II. LECIDEACEI. 



Apothecia rounded, open, pa- 

 telliform, contained in a proper 

 exciple. 



Family 1. Cladoniei. Ste- 



Fi^.2M>.A,Oraphiselfffangon a piece of r e orai ,l nn Prtonhnrii* natJrvnisi 



a tariff of the holly ; B, the same slightly mag- r Mulon < rVOJMtn U*, Lladonia. 



nifled ; C, Ptrtusana Wvlfetii, slightly mag- Cladonia rangiferina is the 



nifled, on a piece of old wood.- After Sachs. Reindeer mogs of lbe Arctic 



regions ; it furnishes a valuable food to the reindeer. 



* Berkeley : " Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany," p. 383. 



