436 BOTANY. 



A. Monogyncecial fruits, formed by the gynoecium of one flower. 



I. Capsulary fruits. Dry, dehiscent, formed from one pistil. 

 1. Monocarpellary. 



(a) Opening by one suture e.g., Oaltha FOLLICLE. 



(&) Opening by both sutures e.g., Pea LEGUME. 



2 Bi-polycarpellary e.g., Viola CAPSULE. 



Var. a. Deliiscence circumcissile e.g., Ana- 



gallis Pyxis. 



Var. b. Dehiscence by the falling away of 

 two lateral valves from the two per- 

 sistent parietal placentae e.g., Mus- 

 tard Silique. 



II. Schizocarpic fruits. Dry, breaking up into one-celled inde- 

 hiecent portions. 



1. Monocarpellary, dividing transversely e.g., Des- 



modium LOMENT. 



2. Bi-polycarpellary. 



(a) Dividing into achene-like or nut-like parts 

 (nutlet), no forked carpophore e.g., Lith- 

 ospermum CARCERULUS. 



(5) Dividing into two achene-like parts (meri- 

 carps), a forked carpophore between them 

 e.g., Umbelliferce CREMOCAKP. 



III. Achenial fruits. Dry, indehiscent, one-celled, one or few 

 seded, not breaking up. 



1. Pericarp hard and thick e.g., Oak NUT. 



2. Pericarp thin e.g., Sunflower ACHENE. 



Var. a. Pericarp loose and bladder-like e.g., 



(Jhenopodium Utricle. 



Var. 6. Pericarp consolidated with the seed 



e.g., Grasses Caryopsis. 



Var. c. Pericarp prolonged into a wing e.g., 



Ash Samara. 



IV. Baccate fruits. Fleshy, indehiscent ; seeds in pulp. 



1. Rind firm and hard e.g. , Pumpkin PEPO. 



2. Rind thin e.g., Goosebeny BERRY. 



V. Drupaceous fruits. Fleshy, indehiscent ; endocarp indurated 

 usually stony. 



1. One stone, usually one-celled e.g., Cherry DRUPE. 



2. Stones or papery carpels, two or more e.g., 



Apple POME. 



VI. Aggregate fruits. Polycarpellary ; carpels always distinct. 

 The forms of these are not well distinguished. In many Ranuncu 



