ERICALES. 



509 



FIGS. 436-9. ILLUSTRATIONS OP ERICA CINEREA. 



The Ericineae are doubtless to be regarded as the central or main 

 group, from which the others have diverged. In the diagram the dis- 

 tinguishing characters which are given for Ericineae may be regarded 

 as typical for the order, and under each of tlie other sub-orders are 

 given the exceptional characters, or more properly, the modifications of 

 the original ordinal characters. 



Sub-Order Ericinece. About 1000 species of shrubs, many 

 evergreen. Many are 

 of great beauty, and are 

 extensively grown as 

 ornaments ; others are 

 good-sized trees, and 

 furnish valuable tim- 

 ber. (Figs. 436-9.) 



Arbutus Menziesii, 

 the Madrofia of the Pa- 

 cific coast of the Unit- 

 ed States, is an ever- 

 green tree twenty-four 

 to thirty metres (80 to 

 100 ft.) in height. Its 

 hard wood is useful in 

 furniture-making. 



Arctostaphylos pun- 

 gens and A. glauca are 

 large evergreen shrubs 

 of California, which 

 bear the name of Man- 

 zanita. The heavy, 

 dark-colored, and fine- 

 grained wood is used in 

 turnery and furniture- 

 making. The berries 

 are eaten by grizzly 

 bears. 



A TTva iirsa f1i F1 S' 436. Flowering stem. 



4. UVO-ursi, tne FJ|. 437._ S ection of flower. Magnified. 

 Bearberry of the colder Fig. 438. Diagram of flower, 

 portions of North Fig. 439.-Section of ovary. Magnified. 



America, Europe, and Asia, bears bitter and astringent leaves, which 

 are officinal. 



Calluna vulgaris, the Common Heath of Central and Northern Europe, 

 is a low, straggling evergreen under-shrub. Its stems are made into 

 brooms, and its flowers afford an abundance of excellent honey. It 

 occurs in a few scattered localities in Massachusetts, Maine, Nova 

 Scotia, and northward, but it is doubtful whether it is really indigenous 

 to any part of the United States. 



FIG. 438. 



FIG. 439. 



