516 BOTANY. 



Helichrysum, sp., is also cultivated for the same purpose. 



Inula Helenium, Elecampane, of Europe, is cultivated in gardens for 

 its medicinal root. 



Tribe 11. Asteroidece. Heads mostly with disk and ray flowers. 



Aside from our native species of Aster and Solidago (Golden Rods), 

 which are ornamental, Bellis perennis, the English Daisy, and Cattis 

 tephus Chinensis, the China Aster, are common in flower-gardens. 



Orindelia robusta and other species are important as furnishing in 

 the alcoholic infusion of their leaves a cure for the poisoning by Poison 

 Ivy. 



Olearia argophylla, the Musk Tree of Tasmania, attains a height of 

 six metres (20 ft.) and a diameter of thirty cm. (1 ft.). Its wood is hard, 

 and is used in turnery and in the manufacture of agricultural imple- 

 ments. 



0. furfuracea and several other New Zealand species are equally 

 valuable. 



Tribe 12. Eupatoriacece. Flowers all tubular. (Figs. 446-50 ) 



Species of Eupatorium are used as domestic medicines. Several of 

 the species are ornamental. 



Mikania scandem, a native climber, is cultivated for ornament. 



The native species of Liatris, Blazing Star, are also quite orna- 

 mental. 



Tribe 13. Vernoniacece. Flowers all tubular. 



The species of Vernonia, known by the name of Iron-weed, are com- 

 mon weeds on low grounds. 



Order Calyceracese. A few South American herbs resembling 

 Composite, but with the ovule pendulous. 



Order Dipsaceee. Herbs, with distinct anthers and pendulous 

 seeds, which contain endosperm. Species one hundred and twenty, 

 mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Dipsacus Fullonum, Fuller's Teasel, of Europe, is grown for its hard- 

 bracted ripe heads, which are used by fullers in dressing woolen cloth. 



Scabiosa contains many ornamental species. 



Order Valerianacese. Herbs, with distinct anthers, and three- 

 celled, but (by absorption) one-seeded ovary ; seed without endosperm. 

 Species about three hundred, mostly of the North Temperate Zone. 



Valeriana officinalis, of Europe, has a thickish root, which, in the 

 dried state, is the officinal Valerian. 



589. Cohort XXI. Bubiales. Plants with actinomorph- 

 ic or zygomorphic flowers ; stamens inserted on the corolla 

 and isomerous with its lobes ; ovary inferior, two- to many- 

 celled, each cell with one to many ovules. Calyx never 

 pappose. 



Order Rubiaceee. Herbs, shrubs, and trees ; flowers generally reg- 



