R08ALES. 



as a member of this order. It is a low plant with a rosette of radical 

 leaves, some of which resemble the covered pipes used by many 

 Frenchmen (Fig. 472). The border of the ascidium (pitcher) in the lat- 

 ter is incurved and presents an obstacle to tlie egress of insects, which 

 are no doubt thus captured. 



Order Rosaceee. The Rose family. Herbs, shrubs, and trees, 

 usually with actinomorphic flowers, generally indefinite (many) 

 stamens, and seeds destitute of endosperm. Species, 1000, distributed 

 throughout the world. The plants here under consideration have been 

 arranged under several orders by some authors, on account of a part 

 having an apparently inferior 5-celled ovary, others many superior 

 ovaries, and still others 

 but one superior ovary. 

 Bentham and Hooker 

 have arranged the sev- 

 enty-one genera under 

 ten tribes, eight of 

 which only will be no- 

 ticed here. 



Tribe Pomece. 



Shrubs and trees with, 

 simple leaves, ovaries 

 5 (rarely less), adnate 

 to and frequently cov- 

 ered by the fleshy re- 

 ceptacle (and calyx ?). 



Pirns Mains, the 

 Arm1 and P fnmmii Fig. 472. Leaves of CV^a/o<(/ /oKzcutam. /, normal 

 Apple, ana r. commu- foU ^ ] ea f ;/", acidiuiii ; b, its incurved border; f. 

 nis, the Pear, grow its liu. Natural s.ze. 



wild in many parts of Europe. They have been cultivated for ages in 

 other portions of the world. (Fig. 473.) 



P. prunifolia and P. baccata, Siberian Crab-Apples, of the North of 

 Asia, are in common cultivation. 



P. coronaria, the American Crab- Apple, of the Eastern United States, 

 might be made a valuable apple by cultivation. 



P. Cydonia, (or Cydonia vulgaris), the Quince, is a native of the 

 Levant. (Figs. 474-5.) 



The Hawthorns (Cratcegus, sp.) are of 'some value for their fruits, 

 and have long been favorites for hedges and ornamental purposes, 

 Service-berries (Amelanchier, sp.) furnish valuable fruits, and are 

 ornamental. 



Tribe RosecB. Shrubs, with pinnately compound leaves ; ovaries 

 many, free, but surrounded by the fleshy receptacle (and calyx ?). 



Rosa of many species the Roses. Not only are our native species 

 (of which we have about a dozen) more or less cultivated for their beau- 



