8APINDALES. 535 



representatives of this order in this country are species of Rhus, of 

 which R. typhina and R. glabra, Sumach, are highly ornamental, as 

 well as useful, their young shoots and leaves containing much tannin 

 and being much used in tanning. 



Rhus Toxicodendron, the Poison Ivy, and R. venenata, the Poison 

 Sumach, both of the Eastern United States, and R. diversiloba, the 

 "Poison Oak" of California, are very poisonous, causing in many per- 

 sons a severe cutaneous eruption. 



Mangifera Indica, of India, but now grown in most warm climates, 

 produces the excellent fruit known as the Mango. 



The Cashew Nut is the product of a large West Indian tree, Anacar- 

 dium occidentale, and the Pistachia Nut of a tree of Western Asia, 

 Pistacia vera. 



Mastic, a resinous material used in fine varnishes, is obtained by 

 making incisions into the stem of Pistacia Lentiscus, a small tree of 

 the Mediterranean region. Japan Lacquer, so much used by the 

 Japanese in the manufacture of many wares, is obtained in a similar 

 way, from Rhus vernicifera, and probably other species. Japanese 

 Wax is derived from the waxy-coated seeds of R. succedaneum, a tree 

 of China and Japan. , 



Schinus motte, a Peruvian shrub, is much grown for ornament in the 

 gardens of California and Italy. 



Order Sabiaceee. Trees and shrubs, mostly of the tropics. 



Order Sapindaceae. Trees and shrubs (rarely herbs), mostly with 

 compound or lobed leaves. Species from 600 to 700, widely distributed. 

 This order includes five well-marked sub-orders, as follows: 



Sub-Order I. Stap7iyle(e, with actinomorphic flowers, and 

 seeds with endosperm. Represented in the Eastern United States by 

 the native ornamental shrub, the Bladder Nut (Staphylea trifolia). 



Sub-Order II. Melianthece, with zygomorphic flowers, and 

 seeds with endosperm. Old World trees and shrubs. 



Sub-Order III. Dodoncece, with actinomorphic flowers, and 

 seeds without endosperm ; leaves alternate. 



Ptceroxylon utile, the Sneezewood Tree of the Cape of Good Hope, 

 furnishes a hard and durable timber, as also a New Zealand tree, 

 Alectryon excelsum. 



Sub-Order IV. Acerinece, with actinomorphic flowers, and 

 seeds without endosperm ; leaves opposite. (Figs. 490-2.) 



The genus Acer, the Maples, contains nearly all the species. 



A. campestre, the Common Maple of Europe, A. Pseudo Platanus, 

 the Sycamore Maple of Europe and Western Asia, and A. platanoides, 

 the Norway Maple of Europe, are valuable timber trees, occasionally 

 planted here as ornaments. 



A. saccharinum, the Sugar Maple, A. rubrum, the Red Maple, and 



