158 



GENERAL BOTANY 



In some the leaves of the bud are not at all different 

 from ordinary leaves, and the younger and smaller 



are protected by 

 the bases of the 

 older and larger. 

 This we may see 

 in nearly all an- 

 nual plants and 

 grasses, and in 

 some tropical 

 shrubs and trees 

 as in BARING- 

 TONIA, where the 

 young leaves 

 stand out red and 

 straight at the 

 end of the branch. 

 The outer and 



FIG. 39 

 Young leaves of ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA, Lam. 



first leaves are 

 smaller and obviously scales. In others the outer scales 

 of the bud are brown or whitish, and as the bud opens 

 are thrown off, never becoming ordinary leaves. But 

 if we take a bud of this kind, e.g. of GORDONIA, or 

 the Tea plant, we shall find that inside th'e thin brown 

 outer scales are others thicker and whiter, while the 

 innermost of all are evidently immature leaves. We 

 can find indeed every gradation between bud-scales and 

 leaves, so that the former must be a special form of 

 leaf. Taking the scales and young leaves off one by 

 one, we find them getting smaller and smaller, the 

 smallest nearest the tip of the branch. In the centre 

 of the bud is the conical tip which with a magnifying 



