BUD-SCALES 159 



glass we can see is studded by little humps arranged 

 spirally round. The extreme tip is naked, lower down 

 the humps begin and becoming bigger merge with the 

 young leaves. 



Leaves, therefore, arise as humps on the ends of the 

 branches, and the younger are always nearer the tip. 



Just above each of the lower larger humps, we 

 may see another smaller one the beginning of the 

 axillary bud. *w-- 



Examine an opening leaf-bud of BROWNEA COC- 

 CINEA. There are a few scales, the outer are small 

 and tough, and hardly grow at all, but the inner 

 grow slightly and eventually protrude beyond them, 

 Inside these are a number of pinnate leaves, the 

 normal leaves of the plant, mixed up with long hair- 

 like things, which spring from near the bases of the 

 leaves and must therefore be modified stipules. The 

 leaves when they emerge hang down for several days 

 colourless and limp, and these leaflets are at first 

 inrolled from either edge to the centre. It is only 

 after some days that the leaflets having opened out 

 turn green and strong, and then the leaves rise up and 

 stand horizontal. 



The outer scales soon drop off, their purpose being 

 only to cover the young leaves, and being over with 

 the opening of the bud. In some plants especially 

 those that grow in colder climates, the outer scales 

 are not only tough but sticky with resin or some 

 other secretion, which makes them more impervious 

 to water-vapour. 



Now examine a bud of the Banyan. The end of 

 the branch is encased on a thin yellowish organ 



