REDUCTION OF BLADE 177 



the teeth of one whorl alternate with those of the 

 next, and the grooves which run down from between 

 each pair of teeth, alternate therefore with those from 

 the next node (above or below). 

 There is a small herbaceous plant, 



RUSSELA JUNCEA, Zucc. the Coral plant, 



very often grown in gardens in India, which shows 

 something of the same habit. The stem and its 

 branches are green and bear whorls of leaves, which 

 sometimes are reduced to mere scales, at others are 

 green and, though small, undoubtedly leaves, while 

 quite large leaves often occur at the nodes. In this 

 plant the change from the ordinary form of leaves to 

 scales is not complete ; in CASUARINA it is. 



FERONIA ELEPHANTUM, Correa. 



The Wood-apple tree. 



This tree has a rough bark and many spines on the 

 branches. These spines occur with the leaves, either 

 in the axil of a leaf, or often below a bunch of leaves. 

 But on looking carefully we find that in the latter 

 case there is always the scar of a leaf below the 

 spine, and that the spine is on one side of a bud of 

 which it is really the modified first leaf (see p. 178). 

 When leaves occur above a spine, they arise on an 

 irregular lump, formed of abortive branches which 

 do not develop further, but remain quite short and 

 have only two or three leaves. 



The leaves are pinnate and often the rachis is 

 broadened or winged. The leaflets are tough, very 

 smooth, and if crushed smell strongly of aniseed. The 

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