DRY FRUITS 241 



Again in ABUTILON (fig. 31, p. 146) SIDA, ALTH^A 

 the Hollyhock, in CORIANDER, in HELIOTROPIUM and 

 nearly all of the family BORAGINACE^E, in LEUCAS, 

 SALVIA, and all of the family LABIATE, the fruit 

 when ripe, separates into one-seeded parts which do 

 not open further, and looking very like seeds, are 

 generally in common speech called seeds. Inspection, 

 however, will show that, though there is a scar like 

 a hilum, there is no micropyle. This kind of fruit 

 is called a schizocarp which means splitting-fruit. In 

 some cases the number of separated parts corresponds 

 to the number of cells in the ovary, in others they 

 are more numerous. A peculiar kind of schizocarp 

 Occurs in ^SCHYNOMENE, DESMODIUM, MIMOSA and 

 some others of the family LEGUMINOSE^E, where 

 though the ovary is one-celled, the fruit is divided 

 transversely into one-seeded parts. This special type 

 is sometimes called a lomeiitum. In ACER the fruit, 

 a schizocarp, divides into two or three one-seeded 

 parts, each provided with a flat extension (or wing), 

 and called a samara. 



But in PAPAVER, GOSSYPIUM, HIBISCUS, VIOLA, 

 IONIDIUM, ADHATODA, and a very large number of 

 other genera, the fruit does not separate into one- 

 seeded parts, but opens as a whole, and is termed a 

 capsule. When, as in the cotton plant, the capsule 

 opens by the outer wall splitting down between the 

 placentas or between the partitions, so as to open out 

 the cells which may also separate at the inner angles, 

 it is termed a loculicidal capsule (fig. 53), and this is 

 the commonest kind. When the fruit opens by the 

 breaking of the partition walls, so that the cells come 

 16 



