244 GENERAL BOTANY 



Guava and Melon, we can distinguish only three parts, 

 an outer thin or thick skin, a juicy flesh, and the 

 numerous seeds. This kind of fruit is called a berry. 



The typical drupe is formed of a single carpel, and 

 has only one stone with its enclosed seed, but in 

 those formed of syncarpous ovaries, there may be two 

 or more stones or pyrenes each with its seed. This 

 occurs in ZIZYPHUS, LANTANA and many other genera. 

 In a few cases there is more than one seed in the 

 stone, but this is not common. 



A berry, on the other hand, is usually derived from 

 a syncarpous ovary and has many seeds, e.g. the 

 Grape and Melon. But one-seeded berries do occur as 

 the Litchee and the date, the hard seed inside these 

 fruits being a true seed, with micropyle, and hilum, 

 not a stone like that of the apricot, mango and coco- 

 nut. In some cases the septa or inner walls of the 

 ovary develop into scarious or leathery partitions be- 

 tween or round the seeds, such as the ' parchment ' 

 round the seeds in the coffee-berry, and the date, and 

 the partitions of the orange and pomegranate. 



Whether the fruit is a berry or a drupe, the outer- 

 skin is called the epi-carp, the juicy portion, the flesh, 

 or meso-carp, and the leathery or stoney coverings to 

 the seeds, the stone or endocarp. While all these 

 structures being formed from the ovary itself and not 

 from the seeds, are collectively termed the fruit-wall 

 or pericarp. 



Special forms of drupes or berries are often called 

 by special names. Thus in the case of the apple 

 and pear, the ovary is sunk in the pedicel which 

 therefore forms part of the fruit. The endocarp too 



